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National Symbols of India – India has a total of 17 national symbols that reflect the country’s rich culture, heritage, flora, and fauna. These symbols hold a unique place in the hearts of Indians and symbolize the nation’s values, pride, and unity. Each symbol is deeply rooted in India’s natural and cultural identity, from the majestic Bengal Tiger to the sacred Ganges River. Here’s an in-depth look at each of these symbols.
List of 17 National Symbols of India
| S. No. | Title | National Symbol |
| 1 | National Flag | Tiranga |
| 2 | National Anthem | Jana Gana Mana |
| 3 | National Calendar | Saka Calendar |
| 4 | National Song | Vande Mataram |
| 5 | National Emblem | Lion Capital of Ashoka |
| 6 | National Fruit | Mango |
| 7 | National River | Ganga |
| 8 | National Animal | Royal Bengal Tiger |
| 9 | National Tree | Indian Banyan |
| 10 | National Aquatic Animal | Ganges River Dolphin |
| 11 | National Bird | Indian Peacock |
| 12 | National Currency | Indian Rupee |
| 13 | National Reptile | King Cobra |
| 14 | National Heritage Animal | Indian Elephant |
| 15 | National Flower | Lotus |
| 16 | National Vegetable | Pumpkin |
| 17 | Oath of Allegiance | National Pledge |
Importance of National Symbols of India
- Cultural Pride: National symbols foster a deep sense of pride among Indian citizens.
- Unity: These symbols represent qualities unique to Indian culture, heritage, and geography.
- Awareness and Popularity: The selection of symbols helps preserve the essence of Indian identity for future generations.
- Recognition and Respect: By honoring these symbols, India recognizes the values and diversity that define it.
Detailed Overview of Each National Symbol
1. National Flag (Tiranga)
- The National Flag of India, also known as the Tiranga, was designed by Pingali Venkayya and adopted on 22 July 1947. The saffron color symbolizes courage, white represents peace, and green reflects fertility. The Dharma Chakra (wheel of law) with 24 spokes in the center represents progress.
2. National Emblem (Lion Capital of Ashoka)
- The National Emblem of India is derived from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath. The emblem features four Asiatic lions standing back-to-back, symbolizing courage, power, and pride. The motto “Satyameva Jayate” (Truth Alone Triumphs) is inscribed below.
3. National Calendar (Saka Calendar)
- The Saka Calendar, introduced in 1957, begins on 22 March. It consists of months like Chaitra, Vaishakh, and Ashadha and is officially used alongside the Gregorian calendar.
4. National Anthem (Jana Gana Mana)
- Composed by Rabindranath Tagore, “Jana Gana Mana” was first sung at the Calcutta Session of the Indian National Congress in 1911 and adopted as the National Anthem on 24 January 1950. The anthem celebrates India’s diversity and unity.
5. National Song (Vande Mataram)
- Written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, Vande Mataram became the symbol of India’s independence movement. Declared the national song in 1950, it reflects India’s love for its land and heritage.
6. National Currency (Indian Rupee)
- The symbol “₹” for the Indian Rupee was designed by Udaya Kumar Dharmalingam. The design combines Devanagari and Latin scripts and was adopted in 2010, symbolizing India’s economic aspirations.
7. National Animal (Royal Bengal Tiger)
- The Royal Bengal Tiger (Panthera tigris tigris) was declared the national animal in 1973. It represents strength, agility, and grace, and its selection also highlighted the need for tiger conservation.
8. National Bird (Indian Peacock)
- The Indian Peacock (Pavo cristatus), recognized for its vibrant colors and beauty, was declared the national bird in 1963. It symbolizes elegance, pride, and grace in Indian culture.
9. National Aquatic Animal (Ganges River Dolphin)
- Known as the Susu, the Ganges River Dolphin is the national aquatic animal. Primarily found in the Ganges, Yamuna, and Brahmaputra rivers, it represents India’s commitment to conserving aquatic biodiversity.
10. National Fruit (Mango)
- The mango (Mangifera indica), known as the “King of Fruits,” is celebrated for its sweet taste and has been a favorite in India for centuries. It symbolizes abundance and prosperity.
11. National Flower (Lotus)
- The lotus (Nelumbo nucifera), considered sacred in India, symbolizes purity, knowledge, and enlightenment. It holds a prominent place in Hindu and Buddhist iconography.
12. National Tree (Indian Banyan)
- The Banyan Tree (Ficus benghalensis) is revered in Indian culture for its longevity and association with immortality. It is a symbol of shelter, strength, and sustenance.
13. National River (Ganga)
- The Ganges River, originating from the Himalayas, is revered as the most sacred river in India. It flows through major cities like Varanasi and Haridwar, supporting millions with its resources.
14. National Reptile (King Cobra)
- The King Cobra, known for its majestic appearance, is the national reptile. Found mainly in Indian forests, it is worshipped in Hinduism and symbolizes power and protection.
15. National Heritage Animal (Indian Elephant)
- The Indian Elephant is classified as a heritage animal due to its cultural significance and its role in Indian religious and cultural events. It represents power, wisdom, and loyalty.
16. National Vegetable (Pumpkin)
- The pumpkin, a versatile and widely used vegetable in Indian cuisine, symbolizes India’s agricultural richness.
17. Oath of Allegiance (National Pledge)
- Written by Pydimarri Venkata Subba Rao in 1962, the National Pledge is recited during public events to express allegiance to India. It serves as a reminder of Indian unity and patriotism.
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FAQs: National Symbols of India
What are the national symbols of India?
India has 17 national symbols that represent the country’s culture, heritage, and biodiversity.
What is the national flag of India called?
The national flag of India is called the Tiranga.
When was the Indian National Anthem adopted?
The National Anthem “Jana Gana Mana” was adopted on 24 January 1950.
Who composed the National Anthem of India?
Rabindranath Tagore composed the National Anthem, originally in Bengali.
What does the Dharma Chakra in the flag represent?
The Dharma Chakra with 24 spokes represents progress and righteousness.
What is the National Emblem of India?
The National Emblem is derived from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath.
Which tree is the National Tree of India?
The Banyan Tree is the National Tree of India.
Which animal is the National Animal of India?
The Royal Bengal Tiger is India’s National Animal.
